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Application of liquid biopsy in precision medicine: opportunities and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 522-527 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0526-7

摘要：

Precision medicine for cancer patients aims to adopt the most suitable treatment options during diagnosis and treatment of individuals. Detecting circulating tumor cell (CTC) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as liquid biopsy, which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. Liquid biopsies can help clinicians screen and detect cancer early, stratify patients to the most suitable treatment and real-time monitoring of treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor, evaluate the risk for metastatic relapse, and estimate prognosis. We summarized the advantages and disadvantages of tissue and liquid biopsies. We also further compared and analyzed the advantages and limitations of detecting CTCs, ctDNAs, and exosomes. Furthermore, we reviewed the literature related with the application of serum or plasma CTCs, ctDNAs, and exosomes for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. We also analyzed their opportunities and challenges as future biomarkers. In the future, liquid biopsies could be used to guide cancer treatment. They could also provide the ideal scheme to personalize treatment in precision medicine.

关键词： liquid biopsy     circulating tumor cells     cell-free ctDNA     exosomes     precision medicine    

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Design and evaluation of a novel biopsy needle with hemostatic function

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0738-7

摘要： Biopsy is a method commonly used for early cancer diagnosis. However, bleeding complications of widely available biopsy are risky for patients. Safer biopsy will result in a more accurate cancer diagnosis and a decrease in the risk of complications. In this article, we propose a novel biopsy needle that can reduce bleeding during biopsy procedures and achieve stable hemostasis. The proposed biopsy needle features a compact structure and can be operated easily by left and right hands. A predictive model for puncture force and tip deflection based on coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method is developed. Experimental results show that the biopsy needle can smoothly deliver the gelatin sponge hemostatic plug into the tissue. Although the hemostatic plug bends, the overall delivery process is stable, and the hemostatic plug retains in the tissue without being affected by the withdrawal of the needle. Further experiments indicate that the specimens are well obtained and evenly distributed in the groove of the outer needle without scattering. Our proposed design of biopsy needle possesses strong ability of hemostasis, tissue cutting, and tissue retention. The CEL model accurately predicts the peak of puncture force and produces close estimation of the insertion force at the postpuncture stage and tip position.

关键词： cancer diagnosis     biopsy needle     hemostatic function     predictive model     coupled Eulerian−Lagrangian    

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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 386-392 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0574-z

摘要：

Kidney damage is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, whether the type of kidney damage can be reliably diagnosed using clinical data alone remains unclear. Predictive factors for diabetic nephropathy (DN) outcomes are also poorly understood. In this study, the clinical manifestations of 111 cases of biopsy-proven DN were described, and the clinical and pathological parameters of patients with different DN outcomes were compared. Results showed that long DM duration (>10 years in 32.4% of patients), severe proteinuria (62.2%), and renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]<60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)) (52.3%) did not accurately indicate whether the condition of these patients progressed to DN. Hematuria (48.6%) failed to specify either DN or nondiabetic renal disease. Diabetic retinopathy (78.4%) was a crucial complication in patients with DN. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the renal survival of 53 patients who were diagnosed with DN and were followed up was not significantly associated with glomerular classification (P>0.05). Cox’s regression analysis demonstrated that renal survival time was significantly influenced by sex (b= 1.394, P= 0.038), hematuria (b= 0.036, P= 0.029), and eGFR (b= −0.039, P= 0.002) but was not significantly affected by age, 24 h urinary protein excretion, or glomerular classification (P>0.05). In conclusion, the clinical characteristics of DN vary, and renal biopsy is necessary to determine renal damage patterns. Sex, hematuria, and the eGFR may affect DN outcomes, whereas the glomerular classification may not.

关键词： diabetic nephropathy     clinical characteristics     renal biopsy     outcomes    

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Utility of transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 395-405 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0231-5

摘要：

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic lung disease that targets women during their reproductive years. A confident diagnosis can often be based on clinical grounds, but diagnostic certainty requires pathological analysis. Although surgical lung biopsy is considered the gold standard for obtaining tissue in patients with diffuse lung disease, it is also associated with higher morbidity and mortality than alternative, less invasive techniques. The objective of our study was to examine the utility of transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of LAM. We conducted two online surveys of over 1 000 LAM patients registered with the LAM Foundation who were accessible by email. Transbronchial biopsy specimens were subsequently collected and reviewed by an expert pathologist to validate the diagnosis. We found that transbronchial biopsy has a yield of approximately 60% in patients with LAM. We conclude that transbronchial biopsy may be a safe and effective method for establishing the diagnosis of LAM, obviating the need for surgical lung biopsy in more than half of LAM patients.

关键词： lymphangioleiomyomatosis     lymphangiomyomatosis     multicystic lung disease     diffuse cystic lung disease     transbronchial biopsy     perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)     HMB-45    

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早期监测肝细胞癌的新型非蛋白生物标志物 Review

Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, 吴琳, Augusto Villanueva

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第10期   页码 1369-1374 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.020

摘要：

肝细胞癌（HCC）早期检测是对处于早期阶段的肝细胞癌进行检出的方法，对降低高风险患者的HCC死亡率至关重要。然而，对于早期HCC，目前仍然缺乏具有高度灵敏性和特异性的监测生物标志物。近年来，人们对循环系统中可检测到的肿瘤源性分子特征进行了大量研究，比如循环肿瘤脱氧核糖核酸（ctDNA）和循环肿瘤核糖核酸（ctRNA），以探讨它们作为多种肿瘤类型的候选非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。本文汇总了目前有关早期HCC检测的新方法及应用的研究。

关键词： 肝细胞癌     早期检测     生物标志物     液体活检    

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Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1323-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2275-7

摘要： Liquid–liquid mixing, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing, widely exists in the chemical industry. How to quantitatively characterize the mixing performance is important for reactor assessment and development. As a convenient and direct method for mixing characterization, the chemical probe method uses some special test reactions to characterize the mixing results. Here, the working principle and selection requirements of this method are introduced, and some common chemical probe systems for homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing processes are reviewed. The characteristics and applications of these systems are illustrated. Finally, the development of the new system is proposed.

关键词： mixing     chemical probe     liquid–liquid     heterogeneous    

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Application progress of lymphography in oncology

Yang YU, Jibin LIU, Lixue YIN

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 13-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0016-7

摘要： Lymphography is often used for the diagnosis of lymphatic metastasis in oncology. Determination of lymphatic metastasis is extremely important for accurate cancer staging, which may directly guide the clinical therapeutic scheme. In recent years, the technology of lymphography has developed rapidly on the basis of traditional lymphography, with the appearance of computed tomography (CT) lymphography, nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography, contrast-enhanced lymphosonography, and so on; the diagnostic accuracy has also been improved. The imaging principles and methods of these various technologies of lymphography are reviewed in this paper, and their applications and significance in oncology are also discussed in detail.

关键词： lymphography     lymphatic metastasis     sentinel lymph node biopsy    

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Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1022 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2118-y

摘要： Liposomes, the self-assembled phospholipid vesicles, have been extensively used in various fields such as artificial cells, drug delivery systems, biosensors and cosmetics. However, current microfluidic routes to liposomes mostly rely on water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets as templates, and require complex fabrication of microfluidic devices, and tedious manipulation of multiphase fluids. Here we present a simple microfluidic approach to preparing monodisperse liposomes from oil-in-water droplets. For demonstration, we used butyl acetate-water-ethanol ternary mixtures as inner phase and an aqueous solution of surfactants as outer phase to make oil-in-water droplets, which can evolve into water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets by liquid–liquid phase separation of ternary mixtures. Subsequently, the resultant water-in-oil-in-water droplets underwent a dewetting transition to form separated monodisperse liposomes and residual oil droplets, with the assistance of surfactants. The method is simple, does not require complex microfluidic devices and tedious manipulation, and provides a new platform for controllable preparation of liposomes.

关键词： microfluidics     liposomes     ternary droplets     phase separation    

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Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 516-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0844-6

摘要： A two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator (SPR), whose first and second stages respectively involve Stirling and pulse tube refrigeration cycles, is a very promising spaceborne refrigerator. The SPR has many advantages, such as a compact structure, high reliability, and high performance, and is expected to become an essential refrigerator for space applications. In research regarding gas-coupled regenerative refrigerator, the energy flow distribution between the two stages, and optimal phase difference between the pressure wave and volume flow, are two critical parameters that could widely influence refrigerator performance. The effects of displacer displacement on the pressure wave, phase difference, acoustic power distribution, and inter-stage cooling capacity shift of the SPR have been investigated experimentally. Notably, to obtain the maximum first-stage cooling capacity, an inflection point in displacement exists. When the displacer displacement is larger than the inflection point, the cooling capacity could be distributed between the first and second stages. In the present study, an SPR was designed and manufactured to work between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures, which can be used to cool small-scale zero boil-off systems and space detectors. Under appropriate displacer displacement, the SPR can reach a no-load cooling temperature of 15.4 K and obtain 2.6 W cooling capacity at 70 K plus 0.1 W cooling capacity at 20 K with 160 W compressor input electric power.

关键词： Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator     displacer displacement     space application     phase shift     energy distribution    

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Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0006-3

摘要： This paper aims at the interfacial phenomena of liquid-liquid mass transfer and its characteristic. By using the real-time holographic technique, the concentration distributions on the aqueous side were obtained according to holographic diagrams of mass transfer of ethanol through the interface of oil and water at different initial concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations near the interface and the mass transfer coefficients were attained. A correlation of concentration near the interface to the concentration of the solute in the oil side was proposed. An approach of interfacial energy with solute concentration was established, and the calculated results are at good agreement with the experimental data. It is indicated that the liquid-liquid mass transfer process is approximately in accordance with two-film theory, the interfacial performance may be changed by the addition of the solute, and the interface of liquid-liquid is non-equilibrium thermodynamically during the mass transfer process.

关键词： liquid-liquid     different     real-time holographic     addition     transfer    

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Perspective on gallium-based room temperature liquid metal batteries

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 23-48 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0815-y

摘要： Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of deformable devices and epidermal electronics that are in urgent request for flexible batteries. The intrinsically soft and ductile conductive electrode materials can offer pivotal hints in extending the lifespan of devices under frequent deformation. Featuring inherent liquidity, metallicity, and biocompatibility, Ga-based room-temperature liquid metals (GBRTLMs) are potential candidates to fulfill the requirement of soft batteries. Herein, to illustrate the glamour of liquid components, high-temperature liquid metal batteries (HTLMBs) are briefly summarized from the aspects of principle, application, advantages, and drawbacks. Then, Ga-based liquid metals as main working electrodes in primary and secondary batteries are reviewed in terms of battery configurations, working mechanisms, and functions. Next, Ga-based liquid metals as auxiliary working electrodes in lithium and nonlithium batteries are also discussed, which work as functional self-healing additives to alleviate the degradation and enhance the durability and capacity of the battery system. After that, Ga-based liquid metals as interconnecting electrodes in multi-scenarios including photovoltaics solar cells, generators, and supercapacitors (SCs) are interpreted, respectively. The summary and perspective of Ga-based liquid metals as diverse battery materials are also focused on. Finally, it was suggested that tremendous endeavors are yet to be made in exploring the innovative battery chemistry, inherent reaction mechanism, and multifunctional integration of Ga-based liquid metal battery systems in the coming future.

关键词： liquid metals     soft electrodes     flexible batteries     deformable energy supply devices     epidermal electronics    

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Advances and perspectives in catalysts for liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane

Hui LI, Yuanbin SHE, Tao WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 356-368 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-0903-3

摘要： The latest progress and developments in catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexane are reviewed. Catalytic systems for the oxidation of cyclohexane including metal supported, metal oxides, molecular sieves, metal substituted polyoxometalates, photocatalysts, organocatalysts, Gif systems, metal-organic catalysts and metalloporphyrins are discussed with a particular emphasis on metalloporphyrin catalytic systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the development trends in the oxidation technology of cyclohexane are examined.

关键词： cyclohexane     liquid-phase oxidation     catalysis    

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Residence time distribution and modeling of the liquid phase in an impinging stream reactor

Xingjun WANG, Xianhui HU, Lishun HU, Guangsuo YU, Fuchen WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 353-359 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0262-x

摘要： Based on some experimental investigations of liquid phase residence time distribution (RTD) in an impinging stream reactor, a two-dimensional plug-flow dispersion model for predicting the liquid phase RTD in the reactor was proposed. The calculation results of the model can be in good agreement with the experimental RTD under different operating conditions. The axial liquid dispersion coefficient increases monotonously with the increasing liquid flux, but is almost independent of gas flux. As the liquid flux and the gas flux increase, the liquid dispersion coefficient of center-to-wall decreases. The axial liquid dispersion coefficient is much larger than that of center-to-wall, which indicates that the liquid RTD is dominated mainly by axial liquid dispersion in the impinging stream reactor.

关键词： RTD     liquid dispersion     reactor     liquid     independent    

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO2 footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO2/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO2/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO2 transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid     lifecycle assessment    

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Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 13-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015050

摘要： Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleum-based fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass, including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.

关键词： lignocellulosic biomass     thermochemical     liquid fuels     upgrading     biofuels    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Application of liquid biopsy in precision medicine: opportunities and challenges

null

期刊论文

Design and evaluation of a novel biopsy needle with hemostatic function

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy

null

期刊论文

Utility of transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis

null

期刊论文

早期监测肝细胞癌的新型非蛋白生物标志物

Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, 吴琳, Augusto Villanueva

期刊论文

Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

期刊论文

Application progress of lymphography in oncology

Yang YU, Jibin LIU, Lixue YIN

期刊论文

Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

期刊论文

Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

期刊论文

Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

期刊论文

Perspective on gallium-based room temperature liquid metal batteries

期刊论文

Advances and perspectives in catalysts for liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane

Hui LI, Yuanbin SHE, Tao WANG

期刊论文

Residence time distribution and modeling of the liquid phase in an impinging stream reactor

Xingjun WANG, Xianhui HU, Lishun HU, Guangsuo YU, Fuchen WANG,

期刊论文

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

期刊论文

Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

期刊论文